The most common diagnoses by localization:

Localization
Diagnosis
Muscle
  • Congenital muscular dystrophy
  • Polymyositis
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica
Neuromuscular Junction
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Peripheral Nerve
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Spinal Cord
  • Acute spinal cord compression
  • Transverse myelitis
Brainstem
  • Infarct
  • Meningitis listeria
  • Tumor
  • Fisher variant Guillain-Barre
Cerebellum
  • Expanding hematoma
  • Alcoholic or drug-induced degeneration
Deep White Matter
  • Infarct
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Cortex
  • Herpes simplex
  • Stroke
  • Encephalitis
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Carotid dissection